Case Study: Fetal Abnormality

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Write a 250-500 word analysis of “Case Study: Fetal Abnormality.” Be sure to address the following questions:

1. Which theory or theories are being used by Jessica, Marco, Maria, and Dr. Wilson to determine the moral status of the fetus? Explain.

2. How does the theory determine or influence each of their recommendation for action?

3. What theory do you agree with? How would the theory determine or influence the recommendation for action?

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

Clinical question

What is the diagnostic value and effectiveness of the following methods in identifying serious structural abnormalities?

ultrasound undertaken in first and second trimesters
nuchal translucency measurement
serum – alpha-fetoprotein ().

Previous NICE guidance (for the updated recommendations see below)

Pregnant women should be offered an ultrasound scan to screen for structural anomalies, ideally between 18 to 20 weeks of gestation, by an appropriately trained sonographer and with equipment of an appropriate standard as outlined by the National Committee. [A]

9.1.1. Introduction and background

Since routine ultrasonography has been introduced into antenatal care women have had the opportunity to visualise the fetus at an early stage of pregnancy. The ultrasound scan has been used by health professionals to assess gestational age more accurately, to diagnose multiple births and to detect fetal anomalies. Improvements in technology have enabled health professionals to identify fetal structures, both normal and abnormal, and also to identify minor anomalies of uncertain significance, known as ‘soft markers’.

Detection of fetal anomalies on antenatal ultrasound offers women and their partners information that may help them better prepare for the birth of their child, the option of delivery in a setting that will permit rapid access to specialist surgical or medical care, and the possibility of considering pregnancy termination or palliative care in the newborn period. Routine antenatal ultrasound has therefore presented women and their partners with difficult decisions and an abnormal result on ultrasound imaging has the potential to cause great anxiety throughout the remaining weeks of pregnancy. These are important considerations with regard to the timing of routine ultrasound and the potential for false positive results or detection of ‘soft markers’.

Since the introduction of ultrasound in the 1970s, ultrasound technology has greatly improved. Modern equipment is now far superior and obstetric ultrasound is firmly established in routine practice, allowing identification of fetal anomalies and fetal growth problems. With this technology it is essential that healthcare professionals and clinicians who perform the scans are trained correctly to perform the examination and also understand and interpret the findings of the ultrasound scan correctly.

This section of the highlights the areas in which ultrasound is thought to have a role in the prenatal of fetal anomalies.

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Case Study: Fetal Abnormality