NRS 433 Topic Discussions

“ provides an approach that allows researchers to better understand a person’s lived experiences to gain a deeper understanding of significant phenomena in life. Data is usually collected through extensive interviews and conversations with study subjects. Sample sizes are generally small when this methodology is used” (Grand Canyon University, 2018).

An example of phenomenology research could be described as a child with ADD or ADHD who repetitively has to be reminded to stay on task in school, quit talking, stay in your seat, and keeping their hands to themselves. Behaviors sometimes leading to extra attention being placed on them from teachers due to their frequent disruption in class, fellow students looking at them differently, and being portrayed as “trouble makers.” Behaviors and observations could lead to other mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, defiant obedience disorder. Interviewing a group of children with the diagnosis of ADD or ADHD, obtaining their thoughts and point of view of how they feel and perceive they are doing in school, if they are able to get along with others, and what their social interactions are.

is an approach that allows for researchers to consider phenomena of significance to nursing. The aim is to understand actions taken in an area by those who are involved in performing the actions”(Grand Canyon University, 2018). Using the same scenario from above, students with ADD or ADHD, interviewing students asking open-ended questions to find out why they were being disruptive in class, unable to stay in their seats, and unable to keep their hands to themselves.

“Grounded theory studies are generally focused on social processes or actions: they ask about what happens and how people interact. Grounded theory studies begin with open questions, and researchers presume that they may know little about the meanings that drive the actions of their participants”(Sbaraini, Carter, Evans, & Blinkhorn, (2011).

Phenomenology research aims to gain an understanding of a person’s lived experiences to gain a deeper understanding of the significance, whereas grounded theory aims to understand the actions taken by those performing them. Similarly, both methods are considering others significant experience in life.

“Grounded theory and phenomenology appear to be particularly susceptible to the blurring trend observed by Morse (1989). It is not uncommon for an investigator to purport to use one or the other while in fact combining elements of each. The two approaches certainly share a number of characteristics. Both focus on the richness of human experience, seek to understand a situation from subject’s own frame of reference, and use flexible data collection procedures. Nonetheless, they are based on different intellectual assumptions and, flowing from these, have clear differences in purpose and methodological prescriptions”(Baker, Wuest, & Stern, (1992).

Reference:

Baker, C., Wuest, J., & Stern, P. N. (1992). Method slurring: the grounded theory/phenomenology example. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17(11), 1355–1360. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01859.x

Grand Canyon University (Ed). (2018). Nursing research: Understanding methods for best practice.Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs433v/nursing-research-understanding-methods-for-best-practice/v1.1ch.2

Sbaraini, A., Carter, S. M., Evans, R. W., & Blinkhorn, A. (2011, September 9). How to do a grounded theory study: a worked example of a study of dental practices. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184112/

TOPIC 3 DQ 1

Provide examples of experimental and nonexperimental research design. Contrast the levels of control applied to each.

TOPIC 3 DQ 2

Describe sampling theory and provide examples to illustrate your definition. Discuss generalizability as it applies to nursing research.

Re: Topic 3 DQ 2

Sampling theory is a study of relationships existing between a population and samples drawn from the population, Also it is the hypothesis that is pertinent just too arbitrary examples. For this reason, the population or a universe might be characterized as a total of things having a typical characteristic or attributes. At the end of the day, a universe is the complete gathering of things about which information is looked for.

Sampling theory was developed to determine the most effective way to acquire a sample that accurately reflects the population under study. Key concepts of sampling theory include populations, target population, sampling or eligibility criteria, accessible population, elements, representativeness, sampling frames, and sampling plans or methods. (Burns & Groves, 2015). A sampling plan or method outlines strategies used to obtain a sample for a study. As a design, a sampling plan is not specific to a study. The plan is designed to increase representativeness and decrease systematic variation or bias. The sampling plan may use probability (random) or nonprobability (nonrandom) sampling methods. When critically appraising a study, identify the study sampling plan as either probability or nonprobability, and determine the specific method used to select a sample. NRS 433 Topic Discussions

The research design, populations, and setting are important components that help answer the research questions and inform nurses if findings will be relevant to their practice. For nurses to be consumers of research, being able to critique the theory that is being tested, determine if the design is appropriate to answer the question and decide if the sample supports generalization, adds to knowledge translation and depth of research. To help determine when the research can be applied to their practice, they need to be able to assess these components for applicability to their practice and setting.

References

Burns, N., Grove, S. (2011). Understanding Nursing Research, 5th Edition. [Pageburstl]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978-1-4377-0750-2/

TOPIC 3 DQ 2

Describe sampling theory and provide examples to illustrate your definition. Discuss generalizability as it applies to nursing research.

TOPIC 4 DQ 1

Compare independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous variables. Describe two ways that researchers attempt to control extraneous variables. Support your answer with peer-reviewed articles.

TOPIC 4 DQ 2

Describe the “levels of evidence” and provide an example of the type of practice change that could result from each.