Theories Of Health Behavior

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Case Assignment

Utilize the required readings for this module and access to write a short paper (2-3 pages) addressing the following items in particular:

Describe the County Health Rankings.
At the County Health Ranking’s Web page, click on the “search by county, state, or topic” area.
1. Search for “Orange, CA” information.
2. Identify Orange County, California’s ranking under “Health Behaviors”.
3. Identify percentages of 4 health behaviors listed under Orange County.
4. Search for your Local County and State where you currently live.
5. Briefly summarize findings about your local county and state’s health outcomes (example: to length of life, quality of life, and health behaviors).
In your own words, define “risk factors” and provide examples of risk factors for health behaviors you identified in #2 above. Be sure to cite a reference even though you used your own words.
Research and identify another source of data for health behaviors (e.g., national database or tracking system).

Assignment Expectations

Assessment and Grading: Your paper will be assessed based on the performance assessment rubric. You can view it under Assessments at the top of the page. Review it before you begin working on the assignment. Your work should also follow these .

Introduction

The health care of older persons is complicated, and it necessitates varied degrees of dedication on the part of patients to adhere to treatment regimens.

Dietary intake, physical activity, prescription medicine use, preventive health screenings, and adherence to behavior patterns for physical rehabilitation are all part of these regimens.

Behavioral medicine as a science has grown to appreciate that health behaviors are influenced at numerous levels.

Significant others and contacts with health care providers, for example, have a big influence on how older people think.

Similarly, environmental and legislative factors such as access to facilities and funding from Medicare often impact what older persons would “want to do” and what they are “able to do” in the arena of health behavior.

While health behaviors are frequently conceptualized as intentional and under conscious control in theories, this is not always the case, as evidenced by the biological and environmental drivers of addiction behaviors.

We begin by discussing various models and theories of health behavior and/or health behavior modification, encapsulating current thinking on the subject.

Our goal is to show how health behavior models and ideas have evolved over time, as well as any gaps that may present.

We next go over support for an integrated model based on this perspective and provide a modern formulation for the concept of mind.

We hope that this model will aid in the development of interventions in aging research and encourage an interdisciplinary science of health behavior and change.

A evolution of health behavior and behavior modification models/theories

Behavioral scientists have put a lot of time and effort into developing and testing models and ideas that can be used to better understand and impact health behavior.

As theory has progressed, scientists have become more explicit in their conceptual definitions and measurements of constructs, focusing on behavior modification rather than understanding why people engage in certain health behaviors.

There has also been a surge in interest in affect, as well as the physiological and environmental influences on health behavior and change.

We discuss the health belief model, the Social Cognitive Theory, the relapse prevention model, self-determination theory, research on affect, and a biological model of desire, as well as the socio-ecological model, to illustrate the evolution of existing models/theories and the current state-of-the-art.

Model of health belief (HBM)

The HBM was first published in the 1950s as a guide to tuberculosis screening studies.

3,4

It synthesized ideas from a body of psychological and behavioral research and laid the groundwork for subsequent theories.

HBM stands for “hopefulness-value model.”

People, for example, take cholesterol-lowering medication because they value avoiding cardiovascular disease.

Perceived threat of a specific illness state, which is the product of perceived susceptibility to the disease and perceived disease severity, is one of the core components.

The model also emphasizes decisional balance, which refers to the relative importance of perceived advantages versus perceived impediments to engaging in an action.

Figure 1 shows how health behavior is influenced by the combined effects of perceived threat and decisional balance vs expected consequences.

Other aspects like as psychosocial variables and environmental signals are acknowledged in the HBM, but these impacts are conceptualized as acting through either perceived danger or decisional balance.

It’s worth noting that HBM proponents have long understood the model’s limitations.

For example, as Janz and Becker pointed out:4

“Other forces clearly influence health actions; for example, some behaviors (e.g., cigarette smoking; teeth brushing) have a significant habitual component, obviating any continuing psychosocial decision-making process.”

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Theories Of Health Behavior