I need to analyze the short facts below to decide whether they are

strict liability or negligence and how they might apply to the matter of law. please tutor can we focus on american laws.

John is playing with his pet dog in his front yard. The dog sees a child across the street and, without warning, runs toward the child and knocks her over, causing various bruises.

John’s pet alligator escapes from his backyard and bites his neighbor.

A high-tech manufacturing corporation is testing a new technology for using microwaves to improve data density on hard drives, and their experiment causes a metal shard to fly out of their window and hit a passerby across the street, 700 feet away. There was no specific reason the company should have expected this to happen.