.In his ________ thought experiment, John Searle attempts to show…

.In his ________ thought experiment, John Searle attempts to show…

.In his ________ thought experiment, John Searle attempts to show that

a.

“Conscious AI”; the simple explanation of how the brain produces intentionality is precisely modeled by the way a computer instantiates a computer program.

b.

“Chinese Room”; the Chinese language can never really be understood by English speakers in the deep and complete way that native speakers of Chinese understand their language.

c.

“Language Box”; knowing the syntax, or formal rules, of a language is sufficient for understanding that language.

d.

“Chinese Room”; symbol manipulation, as current-day computers can do, does not amount to understanding, i.e., thinking.

e.

“Conscious AI”; the human ability to think is essentially nothing more than what the advanced computing machines of today can do.

 

According to Locke’s “________ Theory of Knowledge,”

a.

Origination; ideas are not caused by anything; they are original sources of knowledge.

b.

Propositional; all empirical propositions are certain.

c.

Origination; only innate ideas can accurately represent reality.

d.

Representational; only our ideas of primary qualities provide accurate pictures or representations of the external world.

e.

Representational; only our ideas of secondary qualities accuarate pictures or representations of the external world.

 

 

 

 

Kant’s “________ Revolution in Epistemology” is represented in his claim that

a.

Copernican; the human mind contributes features to what can be known about reality.

b.

Newtonian; it is acceptable to humans to remain skeptical about the possibility of empirical knowledge.

c.

Newtonian; the task of philosophy, rather than building metaphysical systems, should be to analyze language.

d.

Copernican: there are many “things in themselves” that we can know through pure reason.

e.

Both (b) and (c) above.

 

The most up-to-date, philosophically and scientifically sophisticated versions of mind-body identity theory

a.

accept now that there may be nonphysical entities such as minds or souls, but these are of such a unique form and composition that there are no philosophical or scientific terms to describe them.

b.

believe that experiments in neurophysics that could prove the truth of the mind-body identity theory are theoretically impossible; the theory must be demonstrated through rational inquiry alone.

c.

do not go so far as to say that every mental phenomenon that has a subjectively determined description as a type of mental state nevertheless must also be physically describable.

d.

begrudgingly admit that belief in physical science requires as much faith as belief in religion.

e.

None of the above.

Hume’s critique of the Principle (or Problem) of ________ may be formulated as follows:

a.

Deduction; All rational activity is necessarily a product of deductive reasoning.

b.

Reason; The human mind never actually engages in genuine reason or rational activity; it only seems as if it does.

c.

Induction: The principle of induction is useless in the practice of scientific investigation.

d.

Induction: Belief in the principle of induction is based on circular reasoning.

e.

None of the above.

Not only does Hume revitalize skepticism about the existence of God; he also provides compelling arguments against there being any reason to believe in the existence of __________ or __________.

a.

mathematical claims; logical truths

b.

the brain; the body

c.

causality; substances that endure over time

d.

rational thought; sensory perception

e.

All of the above.

What was the main philosophical problem that ________ left unsolved and Kant attempted to resolve?

a.

Hume; We have no rationally justified reason for claiming to have certain knowledge of causation or the existence of material substance as a ground of sensible properties.

b.

Descartes; The world is made purely of ideas and nothing else, so we must believe that God exists if we are to think of ourselves as more than a mere idea.

c.

Hume; All the arguments for God’s existence miss the main point; justified belief in God can be validated by faith alone.

d.

Plato; The soul clearly exists as a spiritual substance—we can feel it and know it with our hearts and minds—and this alone is enough to provide empirical proof of its existence.

e.

Hume; All the arguments for God’s existence miss the main point; justified belief in God can be validated by faith alone.

Locke, Berkeley, and Hume all agree that

a.

everything is made of ideas.

b.

all existing or actual substances are combinations of form and matter, or mind and body.

c.

our ideas about the world never actually come from sensory experience.

d.

whether or not people have religious faith in God, God does indeed exist.

e.

None of the above.

Which of the following best applies to the philosophical position of skepticism?

a.

Knowledge is power.

b.

Human attainment of certain knowledge has never been achieved.

c.

Knowledge equates to experience + memory.

d.

True but unjustified beliefs are actually more likely to be true than those that are justified.

e.

Knowledge is relative to the person who claims to know something.