According to philosopher David Hume, the commonly…

According to philosopher David Hume, the commonly…

  According to philosopher David Hume, the commonly held idea of the self is that it is _________.

a) constituted entirely of one’s memories.

b) a fleeting series of raw sensations of the world.

c) something that remains the same through time.

 

 

2.      As an empiricist, Hume insisted that all knowledge must come by means of _________.

a) dreams.

b) sense impressions.

c) innate ideas that are already contained within the mind from birth.

d) armchair thought experiments.

 

 

3.      Regarding the self, Hume claims that _________.

a) it is not something that can be observed, and thus is not something whose existence we are justified in believing.

b) he can observe it clearly and distinctly whenever he looks into his own mind by introspection.

c) it cannot be observed, but we must postulate its existence anyway because all of philosophy will fall apart if we do not.

 

 

4.      The only sense in which Hume thinks anything remains the same through time is ________.

a) if the soul or mind remains the same.

b) if there is an overlap of memories from various times in the past.

c) that we put a name on the person or thing and the name remains the same.

 

 

5.      The philosopher Thomas Reid held that __________.

a) there is indeed a self that endures through time.

b) Hume was correct in concluding that there is no self.

c) John Locke was correct in his belief that memories of past events constituted the self.

 

 

 

6.      Reid held that _________.

a) Plato was right in thinking that the soul is imprisoned within the body by a type of ignorance.

b) each person knows their own self directly, but knows the self or identity of other people, as well as plants and animals, only through analogy with one’s own situation.

c) Hume was right in thinking that if the name remains the same over time, that gives us all we need for a robust sense of personal identity.

 

 

 

 

7.      According to philosopher Thomas Nagel, determinism would make it hard to justify _________.

a) holding persons morally responsible for their actions.

b) classical Newtonian physics.

c) believing that I was destined all along to choose the cake over the peach in the cafeteria line.

 

 

8.      According to the philosopher W.T. Stace, much of the confusion and disagreement over free will vs. determinism is due to __________.

a) a disagreement over the proper use of scientific evidence in formulating philosophical theories of the world.

b) the fact that our memory of past events in our lives is so often flawed and inaccurate.

c) vagueness and imprecision in our use of terms.

 

9.      According to Stace, an act done freely is one __________.

a) whose causes are to be found within the psychological make up of the person, rather than in external factors that impinge on the person.

b) whose causes are to be found in the indeterminacy that appears to enter the universe at the quantum level.

c) that is so spontaneous that the person cannot give any reason or explanation for why they acted as they did.

 

 

10.  The “Principle of Alternate Possibilities,” as defined by philosopher Harry Frankfurt, says that ______.

a) one can act freely regardless of whether there are in actuality any other possibilities that could have been pursued.

b) there are no true alternate possibilities. They are an illusion that is attributable to how our brains work.

c) in order for one to act freely, it must be the case that one really could act differently than one does.

 

 

11.  Frankfurt thinks that his thought experiment involving Black and Jones shows that _________.

a) the Principle of Alternate Possibilities is true.

b) the Principle of Alternate Possibilities is false.

c) it is possible for one to act freely even in cases in which it was not possible for one to have acted otherwise than one did.

d) (b) and (c), but not (a).

e) (a) and (c), but not (b).

 

 

12.  The American philosopher William James concluded that a consistent determinist can regret something that has occurred _________.

a) only if they regret the entire causal framework within which the event occurred (meaning the entire universe!).

b) only if that event involved pure, random chance.

c) only if they were the agent who made the event happen.

could you please help with these questions? I am so confused I know its a lot but I am clueless on the readings