Advanced Pathophysiology Across the Lifespan

Advanced Pathophysiology Across the Lifespan

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Question 1.                       

A community health nurse practitioner is teaching a group of female high school students about the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. The nurse recognizes that which of the following items underlies the rationale for this teaching?

The active substitution of normal cells in the cervix correlates to cancer risk.

Undifferentiated stem cells are an early indicator of cervical cancer.

Cancer of the uterine cervix develops incrementally at a cellular level.

Dysplasia in the connective tissue of the cervix is a strong precursor to cancer.

Question 2.                       

A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin radiation treatment. The NP providing pretreatment education is explaining some of the potential unwanted effects of the treatment. Which of the following statements by the nurse is most accurate?

“Some patients experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the treatment site.”

“Sometimes you might find that your blood takes longer to clot than normal.”

“The changes that you might see are normally irreversible.”

“The unwanted effects will be limited to the exposed portions of your skin.”

Question 3.                       

Which of the following patients of a primary care nurse practitioner would not require extra screening for cancer?

A 51-year-old woman whose grandmother died of breast cancer

A 48-year-old man who takes immunosuppressant drugs following a kidney transplant

A 50-year-old male who is obese and has a low-fiber, high-fat diet

A 38-year-old female with Down syndrome and congenital scoliosis

Question 4.                       

A nurse practitioner is educating a patient with a recent diagnosis of diabetes about the roles that glucose and insulin play in the disease pathology and the fact that glucose must enter the cell in order to provide energy for the patient. The nurse practitioner knows that which of the following processes allows glucose to enter body cells

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Diffusion