Assignment: Assessing and Treating Clients With ADHD

The AssignmentExamine Case Study: A Young Caucasian Girl with ADHDYou will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.At each decision point there will be three decisions. I will choose one out of the three and give the outcome. At each decision point these are the thoughts to ponder:Decision #1Which decision did you select?Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?Decision #2Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?Decision #3Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?***Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.***Finally: 1. Complete the decision tree (keep track of what you selected. come up with a rational reason why you chose it. Come up with patient specific rational reason behind not choosing the other two options not chosen).2. Write paper addressing all section listed based on the decision tree.Case Study: A Caucasian Man with Hip PainBACKGROUNDKatie is an 8 year old Caucasian female who is brought to your office today by her mother & father. They report that they were referred to you by their primary care provider after seeking her advice because Katie’s teacher suggested that she may have ADHD. Katie’s parents reported that their PCP felt that she should be evaluated by psychiatry to determine whether or not she has this condition.The parents give the PMHNP a copy of a form titled “Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale-Revised”. This scale was filled out by Katie’s teacher and sent home to the parents so that they could share it with their family primary care provider. According to the scoring provided by her teacher, Katie is inattentive, easily distracted, forgets things she already learned, is poor in spelling, reading, and arithmetic. Her attention span is short, and she is noted to only pay attention to things she is interested in. The teacher opined that she lacks interest in school work and is easily distracted. Katie is also noted to start things but never finish them, and seldom follows through on instructions and fails to finish her school work.Katie’s parents actively deny that Katie has ADHD. “She would be running around like a wild person if she had ADHD” reports her mother. “She is never defiant or has temper outburst” adds her father.SUBJECTIVEKatie reports that she doesn’t know what the “big deal” is. She states that school is “OK”- her favorite subjects are “art” and “recess.” She states that she finds her other subjects boring, and sometimes hard because she feels “lost”. She admits that her mind does wander during class to things that she thinks of as more fun. “Sometimes” Katie reports “I will just be thinking about nothing and the teacher will call my name and I don’t know what they were talking about.”Katie reports that her home life is just fine. She reports that she loves her parents and that they are very good and kind to her. Denies any abuse, denies bullying at school. Offers no other concerns at this time.MENTAL STATUS EXAMThe client is an 8 year old Caucasian female who appears appropriately developed for her age. Her speech is clear, coherent, and logical. She is appropriately oriented to person, place, time, and event. She is dressed appropriately for the weather and time of year. She demonstrates no noteworthy mannerisms, gestures, or tics. Self-reported mood is euthymic. Affect is bright. Katie denies visual or auditory hallucinations, no delusional or paranoid thought processes readily appreciated. Attention and concentration are grossly intact based on Katie’s attending to the clinical interview and her ability to count backwards from 100 by serial 2’s and 5’s. Insight and judgment appear age appropriate. Katie denies any suicidal or homicidal ideation.Diagnosis:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive presentationDecisions Made and Outcomes (Needed to formulate the paper) (Must use and formulate paper based off of the chosen decision. Then tell why the other two decision were not a good choice with in-text citations noted for each.)Choices for Decision 1: Select what the PMHNP should do:Begin Wellbutrin (bupropion) XL 150 mg orally dailyBegin Intuniv extended release 1 mg orally at BEDTIMEBegin Ritalin (methylphenidate) chewable tablets 10 mg orally in the MORNINGDecision Choice Chosen:Begin Ritalin (methylphenidate) chewable tablets 10 mg orally in the MORNING***Explain why other two choice were rejected (not adequate choices)***Outcome: RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE:Client returns to clinic in four weeksKatie’s parents report that they spoke with Katie’s teacher who notices that her symptoms are much better in the morning, which has resulted in improvement in her overall academic performance. However, by the afternoon, Katie is “staring off into space” and “daydreaming” againKatie’s parents are very concerned, however, because Katie reported that her “heart felt funny.” You obtain a pulse rate and find that Katie’s heart is beating about 130 beats per minuteChoices for Decision 2: Select what the PMHNP should do:Continue same dose of Ritalin and re-evaluate in 4 weeksChange to Ritalin LA 20 mg orally daily in the MORNINGDiscontinue Ritalin and begin Adderall XR 15 mg orally dailyDecision Choice Chosen:Change to Ritalin LA 20 mg orally daily in the MORNING***Explain why other two choice were rejected (not adequate choices)***Outcome: RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO:Client returns to clinic in four weeksKatie’s academic performance is still improved, and the switch to the LA preparation is lasting Katie throughout the school dayKatie’s reports of her heart feeling “funny” have gone away. Pulse was 92 during today’s office visitChoices for Decision 3: Decision Point Three Select what the PMHNP should do next:Maintain current dose of Ritalin LA and reevaluate in 4 weeksIncrease Ritalin LA to 30 mg orally dailyObtain EKG based on current heart rateDecision Choice Chosen:Maintain current dose of Ritalin LA and reevaluate in 4 weeks***Explain why other two choice were rejected (not adequate choices)***Outcome: Guidance to StudentRESULT FROM CHOOSING TO MAINTAIN CURRENT DOES OF RITALIN LA AND REEVALUATE IN 4 WEEKSGuidance to StudentAt this point, Katie’s symptoms are well controlled (her attention is sustained throughout the school day) and her side effects have gone away following change to a long-acting preparation. There is no indication at this point that the dose should be increased as it is always advisable to use the lowest effective dose of stimulant medication. Katie’s heart rate is appropriate for an 8 year old girl and an EKG would not be indicated based on her heart rate.***Write on each decision. Make sure that in each decision choice that you explain why the other two decisions were not good choices. Use cited sources to validate points. Make sure that this paper has at least7 References.Please use in-text citations for each section of each decision.Don’t forget the ethical considerations for this assignment. Make it a section by itself.******Also please make sure when looking at the ethical consideration for this assignment that you look at how the Caucasian (male) ethnicity and pain medications interact.***Please use the following format when formulating the paragraphs for each section. Don’t forget the intext citations. Remember to use at least 7 references.IntroductionDecision #1Reasons for Choosing the Decision (Why is it the best choice out of the 3 choices)Anticipated Results (of Chosen Decision)Difference in Results (Anticipated VS Actual)Decision #2Reasons for Choosing the Decision (Why is it the best choice out of the 3 choices)Anticipated Results (of Chosen Decision)Difference in Results (Anticipated VS Actual)Decision #3Reasons for Choosing the Decision (Why is it the best choice out of the 3 choices)Anticipated Results (of Chosen Decision)Difference in Results (Anticipated VS Actual)Ethical ConsiderationsConclusionReferences