Assignment: Use of Graphs in Presentation

Assignment: Use of Graphs in Presentation

Assignment: Use of Graphs in Presentation

Assignment: Use of Graphs in Presentation

Why use a graph? Because statistics are abstract summaries of many examples, most listeners find that graphs help make the data more concrete and easier to understand. Yet research also suggests that in addition to presenting information in a graph, it’s impor- tant to narrate the information presented.10 Don’t just show it—talk about it. Graphs are particularly effective for showing overall trends and relationships among data. The four most common types of graphs are bar graphs, pie graphs, line graphs, and picture graphs.

● Bar Graphs. A bar graph consists of flat areas—bars—of various lengths to represent information. The bar graph in Figure 12.2 clearly shows the growth rates of wireless subscribers. This graph makes the information clear and immediately visible. By comparison, words and numbers are more difficult to assimilate, espe- cially in something as ephemeral as a speech.

● Pie Graphs. A pie graph shows the individual shares of a whole. The pie graph in Figure 12.3 shows the top Internet search providers. Pie graphs are espe- cially useful in helping your listeners to see quickly how data are distributed in a given category or area.

● Line Graphs. Line graphs show relationships between two or more vari- ables. Like bar graphs, line graphs organize statistical data to show overall trends

bar graph A graph in which bars of various lengths represent information

pie graph A circular graph divided into wedges that show each part’s percentage of the whole.

line graph A graph that uses lines or curves to show relationships between two or more variables

0 100,000,000

Wireless Subscribers

200,000,000 300,000,000

Growth of Wireless Subscribers Worldwide

2009

2005

2000

1995

FIGURE 12.2 Bar graphs can help summarize statistical information clearly so that the information is immediately visible to your audience.

Source: Data from CTIA The Wireless Association, 2010 CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Industry Survey <www.ctia.org/advocacy/ research/index.cfm/AID/10316>

Google Yahoo! Bing Ask AOL Search

Top Preferred Internet Search Engines, Market Share in 2009

73% 15%

9%

2% 1%

FIGURE 12.3 A pie graph shows visually the percentage of a whole that belongs to each part of it. Source: Data from the SEO Consultants Directory, 2010 Top Ten Search Engines <www.seoconsultants.com/search-engines>

272 CHAPTER 12 Using Presentation Aids

(Figure 12.4). A line graph can cover a greater span of time or numbers than a bar graph without looking cluttered or confusing. As with other types of presentation aids, a simple line graph communicates better than a cluttered one.

● Picture Graphs. In place of either a line or a bar, you can use pictures, or symbols, to supplement the data you are summarizing (Figure 12.5). Picture graphs look somewhat less formal and less intimidating than other kinds of graphs. One of the advantages of picture graphs is that they use few words or labels, which makes them easier for your audience to read.

Charts Charts summarize and present a great deal of information in a small amount of space (Figure 12.6). They have several advantages: They are easy to use, reuse, and enlarge. They can be displayed in a variety of ways, on a flipchart, a poster, or a PowerPoint slide. As with all other presentation aids, charts must be simple. Do not try to put too much information on one chart.

The key to developing effective charts is to prepare the lettering of the words and phrases you use very carefully. If the chart contains too much information, audience members may feel it is too complicated to understand, and ignore it. If your chart looks at all cramped or crowded, divide the information into several charts and dis- play each as needed. Do not handwrite the chart; given the availability of computers, a hand-lettered chart may seem unprofessional. We suggest using computer software

picture graph A graph that uses images or pictures to symbolize data

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

  • The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

    Discussion Questions (DQ)

    • Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
    • Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
    • One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
    • I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

    Weekly Participation

    • Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
    • In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
    • Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
    • Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

    APA Format and Writing Quality

    • Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
    • Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
    • I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

    Use of Direct Quotes

    • I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
    • As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
    • It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

     

    LopesWrite Policy

    • For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
    • Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
    • Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
    • Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

    Late Policy

    • The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
    • Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
    • If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
    • I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
    • As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

    Communication

    • Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: 
      • Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
      • Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

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