Could you take a look and check this paper? Week 6 Assignment…

Could you take a look and check this paper? Week 6 Assignment…

Could you take a look and check this paper?Week 6 Assignment Philosophy and Rationalism

The introduction to philosophy means “study of knowledge” and whether things exist or not, such as wisdom being put into words. It comes from different aspects of life. Pain can be a contributing factor and can be involved at times, and it can be a life-changing event that can be powerful. When decisions have to be made, you must use your knowledge to make those decisions. Baruch Spinoza and Rene Descartes are both rationalist philosophers who explored God’s existence and believed based on their reasoning that awareness comes from cogent rationale. The Mediations of the First Philosophy and Spinoza’s concepts that were based on Ethics were explained. Through their work, they agree that there is a difference in beliefs concerning the idea of God’s existence and free will.

Rationalism is the epistemological view of the foundations of knowledge and is the primary reason and source and two other foundations to follow. The Father of modern philosophy, is known as Descartes, believed that people could only know the truth through reasoning, so with that being said, he believed that the only way people get to know or learn things is through reasons, intuition, and deductions. His metaphysical view, known as dualism, is where we have two worlds made up of matter and spirit (or mind). Space and time are where the material stuff is and is strict laws of nature. Spiritual things such as minds are immaterial that exist eternally, and have free will (Payne, 2015). He does not see how mind and matter can interact at all if they so different. He believes that God exists because he is alive. The views of Spinoza are different from Descartes in that he believed that only one thing exists, and that was self-caused, and the only thing was God. The biggest problem that Descartes sees is free will. Free will is where anyone can choose their actions in life and have self-determination and freedom. Everyone has the freedom to do particular things they enjoy in life and are not predetermined. Within the rationalist perspective, it is believed that everything has a cause or a reason no matter what we do in life. Imagine that rationalists and free will views are similar because these things are all actions that are caused by other things and factors.

Rene Descartes was not only known as a philosopher, but he also came up with “the paradigm example” as a mathematician (Payne, 2015). He believed in reasoning as his only belief. He wanted something that he could base something off of and not just evidence from other people. As stated in question 1, he is known as the Father of modern philosophy and wanted specific information that assembled how mind and body came together. Within the body and soul, he believed that there is some connection as well as some separation. He is taking a simple concept and making it into a more complex concept. His idea regarding God was natural, and he believes that God exists. Descartes is believed to be a rationalist. Why? Well, let us see what we can come up with to say he is. He was one of the greatest mathematicians that invented analytic geometry. He believed that the final purpose was to serve people.

The three primary principles that consisted were that to eliminate skepticism doubt. While trying not to accept any ideas, which are not clear but distinct, is antithetical (mathematics). A framing of knowledge upon the certainty of self-consciousness is subjectivism. Only in science can reasoning decide what is true and false. Everyone has his or her views on things.

On the other hand, Spinoza saw things; differently, he argued that metaphysics was made up of either nature or God. His views on God differed from what Descartes’ views were. God was a perfect person with all kinds of powers that people in Descartes’ eyes never misled. So, therefore, people were made up of physical bodies with immaterial minds.

On the other hand, Spinoza disagreed and said that our body and mind are two separate structures but one continuous substance. Descartes looked at it as our mind was a reasoning machine, which Spinoza disagreed with. He believed that reason had to do with being shot through with emotions. He also believed that thoughts and feelings were not reactions to external events but more about our bodies. The mind exists purely for the body’s sake, and that is to ensure that its survival. Spinoza was belittled and therefore also ignored for an extended period.

In the meantime, Descartes was immortalized, as he was more of a visionary man. Again, Descartes had two kinds of substance: a thinking substance known as minds and extended substances or minds and extended substances bodies. Spinoza’s most famous and irritating idea was that God was not the world’s creator, even though the world is part of God.

In defining free will, it is believed that people have the power and their right to choose what we want to do among other alternatives or how we want to act in certain situations, whether we are in public, school, church, and social events. Looking at how these ideas can be connected to free will would or could be based on moral roles, guilt, sin, advice, prohibition, persuasion, deliberation, among other and other things. In other words, it is our personal view of how free will is defined as the idea that people have a choice in how they want to act or behave and assumes that it is their right to choose which behavior and are self-determined by nature. “A question that Aristotle seems to recognize, while not satisfactorily answering, is whether the choice an individual makes on any given occasion is wholly determined by his internal state—perception of his circumstances and his relevant beliefs, desires, and general character dispositions (wherever on the continuum between virtue and vice he may be)—and external circumstances” (O’Connor, T., & Franklin, C. 2018). Within the rationalist perspective, Aristotle’s view was that people have the power to do or not to do something. Much of what they do is voluntary, and that is within their origin, which means they are aware of the circumstance or outcome of the action. As for Descartes, freedom is the main thing that is connected to the infinite home. Humans can comprehend themselves to have the image and similarity of God via the freedom of will (Cellamare, 2020). As to Spinoza, humans deceive themselves into being free since they do not comprehend the causes of their conduct, and free will mistakes others to believe that the body never moves without the mind being active.

Even though Spinoza and Descartes are both rationalists philosophers, their personal views and concerning thoughts about God’s existence as well and the different outlooks on free will are parallel, with the way Spinoza is grouping as God being nature, and the acknowledgment of God as being a powerful and perfect human in Descartes’s eyes.

References

Cellamare, D. (2020). A theologian teaching Descartes at the Academy of Nijmegen (1655-1679): class notes on Christoph Wittich’s course on the Mediations on First Philosophy. Intellectual History Review, 30(4), 585-613.

O’Connor, T., & Franklin, C. (2018, August 21). Free will. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/freewill/

Payne, W.R. (2015). An Introduction to Philosophy – Bellevue College. An introduction of philosophy ancient philosophy. 22-37. https://commons.be