Heroin Fentanyl Withdrawal Discussion

Heroin Fentanyl Withdrawal Discussion

Heroin Fentanyl Withdrawal Discussion

Question Description
I’m studying for my Nursing class and need an explanation.

A)

Go to http://www.bluelight.org/vb/forum.php?
This is a site where addicted individuals share information about drugs of abuse including misuse of many prescription drugs.
Browse, research a recreational or prescription drug.
Post your findings in a brief summary.
What is “the word on the street?”
Did anything about this surprise you?
Reply Posts
Read your peers’ posts and respond to two peers. Compare your answers with your peers.

B) FIRST RESPONSE. LIM

Findings regarding Methadone

Methadone or Methadose, controlled II scheduled drug, is an FDA approved drug for opioid use disorder (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020). The purpose of this medication is decreasing the usage of opiates and the delinquency of it usage (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020). This is a successful reduction method if used in the correct method (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020). In the United States, methadone can legally be dispensed through a SAMSA approved treatment program (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020). However, the potential of accumulation is high in the system which can be related to repeated doses (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020). In order to counter this, there needs to be about 3 to 5 days of rest to prevent CNS depression (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020).

To prevent this accumulation, there are substances to avoid potentiating the dosage of the methadone in the system. One of those substance is grapefruit juice (WebMD, 2020). Side effects include restlessness, nausea or vomiting, slow breathing, itchy skin, heavy sweating, constipation, and sexual problems (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020). Serious side effects include difficulty breathing/shallow breathing, feeling faint, hives, chest pain, tachycardia, and hallucination/altered mental status (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020).

This medication is to be started on a 15mg to 30 mg dosage (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020). It is increased every 5mg to 10 mg every 2 to 4 hours (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020). This is to prevent withdrawal symptoms (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020). Maximum is the usage of 40 mg on day 1 (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020). Maintenance dosage for opioid dependence is 80 to 120mg (Puzantian & Carlat, 2020).

Word on the Street

To make the methadone last on the street, it is better to potentiate it with grapefruit (Methadone and Grape fruit Juice, 2020). This would help in the increasing dosage or level in the system (Methadone and Grape fruit Juice, 2020). Thus, it would prevent experiencing the effects of withdrawal (Methadone and Grape fruit Juice, 2020). It is sad that it does not talk about the side effects of increasing the methadone dosage (Methadone and Grape fruit Juice, 2020). It even teaches the best way to drink the grapefruit juice which is to substantiate with squeezing the fruit rather than getting the carton variety of grapefruit juice (Methadone and Grape fruit Juice, 2020).

Surprising?

In every scenario, I always try to see things through the left and right hand. However, there are times that desperation has pave the way to make use of it. Even though, there are serious consequences. I could not understand why go into it when they cannot handle the side effects. Haven’t they heard the news of what goes up should come down. Anyway, there are wants that are irrational. Irrational to the point that it sacrificed everything they live for. These wants needs to be paid by blood, sweat or life. Even though, methadone is a safe way to decrease the opioid withdrawal. Some of them can see it as a legal means to get high. I am glad that Methadone is a government-controlled substance. But is it enough? Based on this website, it was an eye opener on how they look as drugs as a casual recreational activity such as exercise or bird watching.

References

Methadone and Grape fruit Juice. (2020, November 2). Retrieved from https://www.bluelight.org/xf/threads/methadone-and…

Puzantian, T., & Carlat, D. (2020). Medication Fact Book for Psychiatric Practice (Fifth ed.). Newburyport: Carlat Publishing, LLC.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2020, September 8). Methadone. Retrieved from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatme…

WebMD. (2020). Methadone; Oxycodone/Grapefruit Interactions. Retrieved from WebMD: https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-2671-2194/metha…

C) chinere

Methamphetamine

COLLAPSE

Base on my finding, Methamphetamine is one the most abused street drugs. Methamphetamine (Meth) for short – is a very addictive stimulant drug. It is a powder that can be made into a pill or a shiny rock (called a crystal). The powder can be eaten or snorted up the nose. It can also be mixed with liquid and injected into your body with a needle. Crystal meth is smoked in a small glass pipe. Meth at first causes a rush of good feelings, but then users feel edgy, overly excited, angry, or afraid. Meth use can quickly lead to addiction. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSUDH) estimated that more than 21 million Americans (aged 12 and older) battled a substance use disorder in 2014. Substance abuse and addiction cost American society upwards of $600 billion every year in healthcare expenses, criminal justice and legal costs, and lost workplace production, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) publishes. Drug addiction is considered a disease that impacts brain circuitry and behavior, and it is classified by an inability to control drug use.

Heroin Fentanyl Withdrawal Discussion

Heroin Fentanyl Withdrawal Discussion

Addictive drugs act on the pleasure center in the brain, causing a shortcut to reward that, when repeated, can change the way a person processes information. Drugs’ addictive qualities may be enhanced by how good they make a person feel when using them and how bad they may make users feel when they wear off. Chronic drug abuse can induce drug dependency, which leads to withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings without the drug’s presence. (National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015). Over 500,000 Americans over the age of 11 were classified as current methamphetamine abusers in 2014, according to NSDUH. Methamphetamine, or meth, is a powerful stimulant drug that is man-made in clandestine laboratories in either a powder or crystal (“crystal meth”) form to be smoked, snorted, or injected for an intense euphoric “high.” Meth can increase focus, decrease the need for sleep and appetite levels, and increase excitability and pleasure.

The street names for methamphetamine are speed,’ ‘meth,’ and ‘chalk. ‘ In its smoked form it is often referred to as ‘ice,’ ‘crystal,’ ‘crank,’ and ‘glass. In large amounts, it may also have psychotic side effects or cause aggression and/or violence. Tolerance to meth can be developed rather quickly, prompting users to want to take more to keep feeling its effects. Increased dosages can lead to drug dependence. Over time, meth can cause damage to the regions of the brain related to learning, memory, and emotional regulation as well as significantly deplete levels of dopamine and the way the dopamine receptors in the brain work, NIDA reports. Extremely low levels of dopamine and an inability for it to bind properly with receptors occur when meth leaves the body. This can result in severe depression, potential sucidal ideations, and significant drug cravings. These symptoms may facilitate compulsive drug-seeking behaviors and repeated meth abuse, which are hallmarks of addiction (National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015)

The current epidemic of methamphetamine abuse in the US is not surprising. Methamphetamine can be produced from a wide variety of starting materials and methods. This is in contrast to cocaine which is only commercially grown in South America, must be extracted from the plant, must be converted to its free base form, must be shipped overseas (escaping DEA detection), and then must be distributed, typically through gangs, to clients on the street. Based on the attractiveness of methamphetamine to both users and its manufacturers, it is only surprising that the current outbreak of methamphetamine abuse in the US took so long to reach epidemic proportions. Also, with increasing numbers of large-scale manufacturers in Mexico, and other parts of the world, methamphetamine continues to be a significant problem in the US. Because it has its most devastating effects on the central nervous system (CNS), it is important for healthcare providers to learn to recognize signs of abuse and the many neurologic problems caused by methamphetamine (Rusyniak D. E., 2015).

References

National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration Summary of Methodological Studies. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519735/

Rusyniak D. E. (2015). Neurologic manifestations of chronic methamphetamine

abuse. Neurologic clinics, 29(3), 641–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2011.05.004

Heroin Fentanyl Withdrawal Discussion

Heroin Fentanyl Withdrawal Discussion

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