How does the existence of externalities in consumption arising from higher education (undergraduate, graduate, and professional schooling) influence who should pay for schooling? Be sure to explain how the financing of higher education differs from K-12 education in the United States.
Unit 3: Discussion
Directions
In each unit students relate course materials and instructor notes to module material. Students are required to make one main post (three to four paragraphs) that addresses the specific discussion by Thursday at 11:59 p.m. CT, and two peer review posts (responses to his or her classmates’ posts that are two to three paragraphs each) by 11:59 p.m. Sunday CT. All posts must utilize and cite material from the unit’s course information/readings, including complete internal citations and a reference list. Each post is worth 8 points, for a total of 24 points for the discussion.
What are substantive postings? Substantive postings include:
- Responding to discussion questions as well as discourse between students related to subject matter within the course. This includes posting responses to others’ answers within a Discussion Area. A response may express agreement with or challenge to the point of view expressed, supported by references (citations) to the text or lecture.
- Contributing to the discussion based upon course content, theory, or personal experiences, not simply personal opinions.
Post
Select only one discussion question to answer below. If the question has already been selected, select a question not yet answered.
D1. Goods and services can be classified to one of three categories: private, semiprivate, or public. Explain the differences, and provide examples of each category.
D2. Use the concepts of rivalry and exclusivity in consumption to explain the difference between private, semiprivate, and public goods.
D3. Markets have difficulty in providing public goods and services. Explain why. Be sure to use the free rider concept. What is the implication of this for public administration?
D4. Crime is sometimes defined as behavior that is immoral. Explain why morality helps little in determining whether specific acts should be considered criminal according to Register and Grimes (2016). Where can morality or ethics be used with law for a political and economic system? Give specific examples. Hint, see your instructor notes.
D5. Explain how economic analysis can assist in understanding why individuals commit crimes. What does this analysis have to say about attempts to reduce crime?
D6. List and explain any externalities in consumption that you think exist in K-12 education in the United States. Be sure to include what we learned about education in Unit 1 in Register and Grimes (2016).
D7. The existence of positive externalities in consumption from K-12 education leads one to conclude that public subsidies of K-12 may be economically appropriate. If this is correct, are such subsidies as defensible for private as for public schools?
D8. How does the existence of externalities in consumption arising from K-12 influence who should pay for schooling?
D9. How does the existence of externalities in consumption arising from higher education (undergraduate, graduate, and professional schooling) influence who should pay for schooling? Be sure to explain how the financing of higher education differs from K-12 education in the United States.
D10. Explain how democracy* is a public good. What services do you think government needs to provide to secure democracy? How does education relate to democracy? Does this justify government production of education? Use my instructor notes to answer this question along with Register and Grimes (2016).
*Please note, by democracy I define it as most political scientists do, it is a political system with the following characteristics: citizens enjoy a basic number of political & civil rights, the most important leaders are elected in free & fair elections, and both political leaders & citizens are accountable under a rule of law. In other words, a constitutional republic, like the United States, and a constitutional monarchy, such as United Kingdom & Canada, are forms or types of democracy. Democracy is a type of regime with several versions implemented around the world.
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