How Has Worldwide Production of Enzymes Changed Discussion

• What are the key trends in the world market for enzymes – how has the enzyme market grown over the past decade? How has the worldwide production of enzymes changed? Who are some of the current major players and what are their major products / markets? What need applications are emerging for the industrial use of enzymes?

• What are some important considerations in the production of bulk enzymes for industrial food applications? With some specific examples, compare and contrast production of these enzymes with the production of therapeutic enzymes. What are the best sources for these enzymes? How does a company balance safety/purity and production cost? How can large-scale production be optimized and production of the enzymes maximized?

• What are some emerging techniques for improving enzyme production? Describe how genetic engineering can be used to change the specificity, efficiency and operating characteristics of enzymes. Discuss some cost effective solutions for recovery, isolation and purification of enzymes. If a company was interested in producing pepsin from fish viscera as a digestible therapy, what kind of downstream processing would you recommend?

• What advantages are there to immobilizing an enzyme? Are there any disadvantages? Describe how an enzyme works as a catalyst, how to determine what rate limiting steps and how immobilization affects enzyme performance. How can the stability, selectivity and activity of immobilized enzymes be controlled? What are some of the new technologies that are changing enzyme immobilization?

• What are important considerations in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins? How would these differ if the proteins were being produced in Europe for use in Europe? Describe the process for bioproduction of insulin and how it has evolved over the past 35 years.

• If a company wanted to mass produce a humanized monoclonal antibody against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) how would it do so? Describe all the steps involved, starting with how an antibody against a protein is initially created, then how it is engineered and optimized and how it is manufactured on a large scale.

• What are the desirable characteristics of a gene vector? Describe the components of the glutamine synthetase gene expression system. What is the advantage of using this approach for antibody production? How does Lonza select a cell line selected for production? How is the process optimized and how much can it be improved by? How does upstream optimization affect downstream choices in antibody production?

• Describe the downstream steps for isolation, purification and concentration of antibodies. How are contaminants such as viral particles removed? How is the trade-off between yield, purity and cost for a therapeutic antibody different to that for production of an antibody for in vitro immunohistochemistry

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• The is a great resource