Interstitial oncotic

Interstitial oncotic

GCU NUR641E MID TERM

1. Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure? • Capillary hydrostatic • Interstitial hydrostatic • Plasma oncotic • Interstitial oncotic • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

2. An increase of carbon dioxide in arterial blood causes chemoreceptors to stimulate the respiratory centers to: • decrease respiratory rate. • increase respiratory rate. • develop hypocapnia. • develop hypercapnia. • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

3. What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia? • Hepatic cells increase cell division after part of the liver is excised. • Skeletal muscle cells atrophy as a result of paralysis. • The heart muscle enlarges as a result of hypertension. • The size of the uterus increases during pregnancy. •GCU NUR641E MID TERM

Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

4. Bacteria that produce endotoxins that stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators that produce fever are called • pyrogenic bacteria. • true bacteria. • exotoxins. • spirochetes. • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

5. Which NSAID is generally considered the safest for use in patients with coronary artery disease? • Celecoxib • Indomethacin • Naproxen • Acetaminophen • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

6. Cell wall inhibitors include all of the following except • penicillins. • cephalosporins. • carbapenems. • tetracylclines. • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

7. In the immediate postnatal period, infants lose approximately 5% of body weight due to • loss of body water • inability of the body to digest nutrients • hemolysis of red blood cells • poor sucking reflex • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

8. Heparin exerts its therapeutic action by: • upregulating the activity of one of the body’s natural anticoagulant molecules, antithrombin III. • deactivating calcium-dependent clotting factors. • inducing prothrombin formation. • inducing the formation of fibrin. • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

9. Pulmonary hypertension: • shows an enlarged pulmonary artery. • involves deep vein thrombosis. • shows right ventricular hypertrophy. • Shows an enlarged pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy.

10. Which of the following factors do not influence bioavailability? • First-pass hepatic metabolism • Solubility of the drug • Bioequivalence • Chemical instability

11. Which of the following is true regarding prodrugs? • They are affected considerably by renal function. • They are better than amateur drugs. • They are designed to overcome undesirable properties of an active drug. • They may be more effective in patients with liver dysfunction.

12. When looking at arterial blood gas readings, you discover the following: pH 7.26, pCO2 56, HCO3 24. What condition are you dealing with? • Respiratory alkalosis GCU NUR641E MID TERM• Metabolic acidosis • Metabolic alkalosis • Respiratory acidosis • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

13. How many months does it take for the newborn to be sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells? • 1 to 2 • 4 to 5 • 6 to 8 • 10 to 12 • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

14. What mechanism can cause hypernatremia? • Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone • Hypersecretion of aldosterone • Brief bouts of vomiting or diarrhea • Excessive diuretic therapy

15. In the absence of susceptibility data for an acute infection, the choice of an antimicrobial drug is mostly influenced by • the site of infection and the patient’s history. • the sensitivity report and the colony count. • the source of the infection and the color of exudate. • the host defense mechanism and the immune response.

16. Which of the following increases the potential of cardiac toxicity if taken concurrently with digoxin? • Chloride • Potassium • Sodium • Zinc • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

17.When looking at arterial blood gas readings, you discover the following: pH 7.75, pCO2 24, HCO3 40. What condition are you dealing with? • Respiratory alkalosis • Metabolic acidosis • Metabolic alkalosis • Respiratory acidosis • Question Points: 0.0 / 2.0

18.Which of the following statements is true regarding bioavailability? • It has little effect on the pharmacokinetics of orally-administered drugs. • It is a drug-specific property; therefore, bioavailability will be the same regardless of the dosage form used. • IV-administered drugs have a bioavailability of between 50 and 75 percent. • It is defined as the amount of administered drug that is available to reach the site of action. Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

19.Which of the following drugs are not considered for use with angina? • Beta blockers • Calcium channel blockers • ACE inhibitors • Nitrates • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

20.The primary role of cytochrome p-450,GCU NUR641E MID TERM in the liver, is to: • stimulate steroid release as a stress response. • deactivate and detoxify medications and other substances. • produce fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factor V. • eliminate amino acids, forming urea. • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

21.Which antimicrobial should be avoided in children because it is deposited in tissues undergoing calcification and can stunt growth? • Tetracycline • Ciprofloxacin • Vancomycin • Amoxicillin • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

22.Causes of hyperkalemia include: • hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition. • vomiting and diarrhea. • renal failure and Addison’s disease. • hyperaldosteronism and Cushing’s disease. • GCU NUR641E MID TERM  Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

23.Which statement is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of drug administration? • The immature liver or kidneys of the very young may accelerate drug metabolism and excretion. • Medications enter the body in solid form GCU NUR641E MID TERMand change into solution for absorption and utilization. • It includes medication absorption, distribution to tissues, metabolism, and elimination from the body. • A therapeutic effect occurs as the medication reaches the target cell. • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

24.A patient with type 1 diabetes has been made NPO after midnight for surgery. Knowing that the patient needs to continue the insulin pump to preGCU NUR641E MID TERMvent diabetic ketoacidosis, what would be an expectation of treatment? • Bedtime snack before midnight • Dextrose containing intravenous fluids • 2am glucose check followed by apple juice if needed • Discontinue the insulin pump Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

25.The major therapeutic actions of NSAIDS include all of the following except • reduction of inflammation. • reduction of pain. • reduction of fever. • reduction of clotting factors. • Question Points: 2.0 / 2.0

26. A 68-year-old male has COPD with moderate airway obstruction. Despite using salmeterol daily, as prescribed, he reports continued symptoms of shortness of breath with mild exertion. Which one of the following agents would be an appropriate addition to his current therapy? • Systemic corticosteroids • Albuterol • Tiotropium • GCU NUR641E MID TERM

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

• Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
• Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
• One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
• I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

• Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
• In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
• Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
• Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

• Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
• Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
• I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

• I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
• As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
• It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

 

LopesWrite Policy

• For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
• Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
• Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
• Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

• The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
• Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
• If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
• I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
• As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

• Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: 
  • Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
  • Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.