N 510 Module 4: Discussion Question
N 510 Module 4: Discussion Question
N 510 Module 4: Discussion Question:
Explain how cigarette smoking impacts the lungs at the physiologic level.
Your initial posting should be 200 to 300 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be between 100 and 200 words in length. To properly “thread” your discussion posting, please click on REPLY.
N 510 Module 4: Discussion Question
Cigarette smokers are at very high risk to develop disease to any or all areas of the respiratory tract as well as other vital organs as a direct result from cigarette smoking. The lungs are most susceptible. The action of inhaling smoke permits particles of toxins to be left in the tissue of the surface and absorbed into the cells of the areas it passes during its way to the alveoli in the lungs, as well as being absorbed by the alveoli in the lungs. Alveoli participates in the direct exchange of gases and oxygen from the environment that is released into the blood and distributed to the cells throughout the body. Cigarette smoke contains 7.357 chemicals that is bound to aerosol particles during inhalation and released into the free gas exchange that occurs in the lungs. (Becze, 2017) Once in the lungs, cigarette smoke initiates adverse effects on the cells of the alveoli. One such effect is epigenesis. Repeated exposure for prolonged periods of time to the toxic chemicals of cigarette smoke triggers the release of EZH2 an enzyme that decreases gene expression, and initiates a decrease of DNMT1, which is a protein that is active in maintaining tumor growth suppression. This occurs simultaneously (Becze, 2017). Both non-malignant and malignant tumor growth is activated, while tumor growth prevention is decreased. This as well as other mutations to genes associated with the lungs epithelial cells are directly related to exposure to cigarette smoke and contribute to the development of lung cancer (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2014). In 2005 the CDC noted that 123,836 deaths per year in the time range of 1997 to 2001 were directly linked to lung cancer resulting from cigarette smoking (Benjamin, 2017).
N 510 Module 4: Discussion Question References
Becze, E. (2017). Detailed Record. Nursing, 13.
Benjamin, R. (2017). How cigarette Smoking Causes Disease; AReport of the Surgeon General. Retrieved from ncbi/gov: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53012/?report=reader
McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L., & Rote, N. S. (2014). Pathophysiology. The Biologiacl Basis for Disease in Adukts and Children. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby.
Criteria
Response contains little to none of the required aspects of the prompt; Content is off topic; references are not included. APA reference/citation format is not used.
Major required aspects of the prompt are not addressed or the response speaks in vague generalities. Information is too general; 1 reference is present, but it is non-scholarly (if required) and/or it does not appropriately reflect the topic. APA reference/citation format may be inaccurate in the response.
Response addresses prompt requirements. Content is relevant and germane to the intent of the prompt; 1 or more references are scholarly (if required) and/or appropriately reflect topic, and have few APA formatting errors.
Content includes additional or novel points beyond the intent of the prompt. References are sufficient, scholarly in nature, and are formatted correctly in APA format.
Little analysis or insight is displayed; Little or no logical support or reasoning is present
Some illogical statements and poor reasoning displayed; argument is unclear or convoluted
Response indicates that thought, insight, and analysis has taken place; Argument is solid and logical
Response is rich in critical thinking, and full of thought, insight, and analysis; Argument is clear and concise
Style and voice inappropriate or do not address given audience, purpose, etc. Word choice is excessively redundant, clichéd, and unspecific. Inconsistent grammar, spelling, punctuation, and paragraphing. Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning.
Style and voice are somewhat appropriate to given audience and purpose. Word choice is often unspecific, generic, redundant, and clichéd. Repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language, sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.
Style and voice are appropriate to the given audience and purpose. Word choice is specific and purposeful, and somewhat varied throughout. Minimal mechanical or typographical errors are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.
Style and voice are not only appropriate to the given audience and purpose, but also show originality and creativity. Word choice is specific, purposeful, dynamic and varied. Free of mechanical and typographical errors. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Did not make an effort to participate in learning community as it develops; Displays lack of engagement with discussion forum; Did not make the minimum of 2 responses to classmates.
Occasionally makes meaningful reflection on group’s efforts; Marginal effort to become involved with group; Made one response to classmates
Frequently attempts to direct the discussion and present relevant viewpoints for consideration by group; Interacts freely; Met the minimum of 2 responses to classmates
Shows astute awareness of needs of community; Frequently attempts to motivate the group discussion; Presents creative approaches to topic; Made at least 2 responses to classmates
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