PSY 4400 Week 4 Assignment 2 Autism and Asperger’s Disorder

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PSY 4400 Week 4 Assignment 2 Autism and Asperger’s Disorder

Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger’s, refers to a sub-category of the autism spectrum[12] which is no longer diagnosed, having been merged into ‘autism spectrum disorder’ (ASD).[13] It is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.[7] It was said[14] to differ from other forms of ASD by relatively unimpaired language and intelligence.[15] The syndrome was named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others’ gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favourite interests, and were clumsy.[16]

The exact cause of Asperger’s is poorly understood.[7] While it has high heritability, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively.[17][18] Environmental factors are also believed to play a role.[7] Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying condition.[17] In 1994, the diagnosis of Asperger’s was included in the fourth edition (DSM-IV) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; with the publication of DSM-5 in 2013 the diagnosis was removed, and the symptoms are now included within autism spectrum disorder along with classic autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).[7][19] It was similarly merged into autism spectrum disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as of 2021.[20][21]

There is no single treatment, and NHS guidelines suggest that ‘treatment’ of any form of autism should not be a goal, since autism is not ‘a disease that can be removed or cured’.[22] According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists,[23] while co-occurring conditions might require treatment, ‘management of autism itself is chiefly about the provision of the education, training and social support/care required to improve the person’s ability to function in the everyday world’. The effectiveness of particular interventions for autism is supported by only limited data.[17] Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety.[10] Autistic characteristics tend to become less obvious in adulthood[23], but social and communication difficulties usually persist.[24] Some autistic people as well as a number of researchers have advocated a shift in attitudes toward the view that autism spectrum disorder is a difference rather than a disease that must be treated or cured.[25][26][27] Critics have bemoaned the entrenchment of some of these groups’ opinions.[28][29][30][31]

In 2015, Asperger’s was estimated to affect 37.2 million people globally (about 0.5% of people).[11] The exact percentage of people affected is not firmly established.[17] Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed in males more often than females,[32] and females are typically diagnosed at a later age.[33][34] The modern conception of Asperger syndrome came into existence in 1981 and went through a period of popularization.[35][36][37] It became a standardized diagnosis in the 1990s,[38] and was retired as a diagnosis in 2013.[13] Many questions and controversies about the condition remain.

Discussion Questions (DQ)
• Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
• Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.

 

PSY 4400 Week 4 Assignment 2 Autism and Asperger’s Disorder

PSY 4400 Week 4 Assignment 2 Autism and Asperger’s Disorder

• One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
• I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation
• Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
• In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
• Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
• Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality
• Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
• Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
• I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes
• I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
• As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
• It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy
• For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
• Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
• Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
• Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
• The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
• Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
• If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
• I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
• As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication
• Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
o Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
o Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

 

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