Section 1: Please choose the correct word from the following word…

Section 1: Please choose the correct word from the following word…

Section 1: Please choose the correct word from the following word bank to complete each of the sentences below.

of 50 points, or 25% of the overall grade.

A posteriori

A priori

Deduction Empiricism Epistemology

Ethics Induction Metaphysics Philosophy Rationalism

1). ______________ literally means, “the love of wisdom.”

2). ______________ is logically certain reasoning, as in the example of 2+2=4.

3). ______________ is probabilistic reasoning, as in “the sun will come out tomorrow.”

4). ______________ claims that reason is our surest source of knowledge.

5). ______________ claims that our senses are our surest sources of knowledge.

6). ______________ is the branch of Philosophy concerned with the nature of reality.

7). ______________ is the branch of Philosophy concerned with right/wrong and behavior.

8). ______________ is the branch of Philosophy concerned with knowledge.

9). ___________ knowledge is knowledge acquired through experience.

10). __________ knowledge is knowledge acquired without experience.

Section 2: Please respond to 6 of the following 10 prompts with a robust paragraph of at least 3

sentences.

1). What is “epistemic humility,” and how does it relate to the story of Socrates?

2). Why does Jean-Paul Sartre say that human beings live in “anguish”?

3). “I think, therefore I am”: what does René Descartes mean by this?

4). What does Nietzsche mean by “slave morality”?

5). Briefly describe the “Invisible Realm” that Plato promotes in his dualistic view of the world.

6). According to Hume’s “Problem of Induction,” what is wrong with this statement: “The sun will come up tomorrow.”

7). What is Divine Command Theory, and what does it say about right/wrong?

8). What is the basic maxim of Utilitarianism? In other words, what things do Utilitarians take into account when deciding how to act?

9). Describe one of the two formulations of Kant’s Categorical Imperative that we talked about in class, and explain how it works.

10). List the four “methods” for fixing beliefs that Peirce describes, and tell me which of the four he thinks is supreme.

Section 3: Please respond to 2 of the following 3 prompts with separate essays of 3-4 paragraphs

each.

1). Describe Aristotle’s ethical views as expressed in his Nicomachean Ethics, and incorporate the following terms and phrases into your response: telos, “rational animal,” eudaimonia, virtues, “finding the mean.”

2). Describe Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave,” and explain how each of the following components relates to Plato’s dualistic philosophy: the chained slaves, the slave who is dragged out of the cave, the outside world vs. the world in the cave, the sun, the enlightened slave’s return to the cave.

3). Remember the Trolley Problem? An out-of-control trolley is rushing towards a split in the tracks. On its current course, the trolley is going to kill five people who have been tied to the tracks – but you are standing by the switch control, and it is in your power to pull the switch and save those five innocent people. The problem is that by pulling the switch, you will be killing one person who has been tied to the other track line. Would you pull the switch? Why or why not? Discuss your options from the perspectives of both Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics.