Statistical Reasoning Worksheet psychology

Provide a response to the following prompts.

1. Explain and provide an example for each of the following types of variables:

a. Nominal:

b. Ordinal:

c. Interval:

d. Ratio scale:

e. Continuous:

f. Discrete:

g. Quantitative:

2. The following are the speeds of 40 cars clocked by radar on a particular road in a 35 miles-per-hour zone on an afternoon:

30, 36, 42, 36, 30, 52, 36, 34, 36, 33, 30, 32, 35, 32, 37, 34, 36, 31, 35, 20

24, 46, 23, 31, 32, 45, 34, 37, 28, 40, 34, 38, 40, 52, 31, 33, 15, 27, 36, 40

Create a frequency table and a histogram. Then, describe the general shape of the distribution.

3. Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007) asked a group of 84 adolescents about their involvement in traditional and electronic bullying. The researchers defined electronic bullying as “…a means of bullying in which peers use electronics {such as text messages, emails, and defaming Web sites} to taunt, threaten, harass, and/or intimidate a peer” (p. 565). The table below is a frequency table showing the adolescents’ reported incidence of being victims or perpetrators or traditional and electronic bullying.

a. Using the table below as an example, explain the idea of a frequency table to a person who has never taken a course in statistics.

 

b. Explain the general meaning of the pattern of results.

 

Incidence of Traditional and   Electronic Bullying and Victimization (N   = 84)

 

Forms of bullying N %

Electronic victims 41 48.8

Text-message victim 27 32.1

Internet victim (websites, chatrooms) 13 15.5

Camera-phone victim 8 9.5

Traditional victims 60 71.4

Physical victim 38 45.2

Teasing victim 50 59.5

Rumors victim 32 38.6

Exclusion victim 30 50

Electronic bullies 18 21.4

Text-message bully 18 21.4

Internet bully 11 13.1

Traditional bullies 54 64.3

Physical bully 29 34.5

Teasing bully 38 45.2

Rumor bully 22 26.2

Exclusion bully 35 41.7

4. Describe whether each of the following data words best describes descriptive statistics or inferential statistics. Explain your reasoning.

1. Describe:

1. Infer:
2. Summarize:

 

5. Regarding gun ownership in the United States, data from Gallup polls over a 40-year period show how gun ownership in the United States has changed. The results are described below, with the percentage of Americans who own guns given in each of the 5 decades.

Year %

1972 43

1982 42

1992 48

2002 40

2012 43

1. Are the percentages      reported above an example of descriptive statistics or inferential      statistics? Why?
2. Based on the table, how      would you describe the changes in gun ownership in the United States over      the 40 years shown?

6. Refer to the Simpson-Southward et al. (2016) article from this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Was this an example of inferential statistics and research or descriptive statistics and research? Justify your response.

7. Explain and provide an example for each of the following shapes of frequency distributions.

 

1. Symmetrical:

 

1. Skew:ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

   Discussion Questions (DQ)

   • Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
   • Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
   • One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
   • I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

   Weekly Participation

   • Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
   • In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
   • Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
   • Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

   APA Format and Writing Quality

   • Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
   • Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
   • I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

   Use of Direct Quotes

   • I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
   • As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
   • It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

    

   LopesWrite Policy

   • For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
   • Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
   • Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
   • Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

   Late Policy

   • The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
   • Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
   • If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
   • I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
   • As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

   Communication

   • Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: 
     • Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
     • Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

    

   Statistical Reasoning Worksheet psychology

   Statistical Reasoning Worksheet psychology