Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a…

Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a…

. a. The Deswan people, who live in small tribes and base their economy on the production andtrade of textiles

Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?

b. The Rositian Clan, a small community of farmers who have lived on their family’s land for

centuries

c. The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses

d. The Amaganda, an extended family of warriors who serve a single noble family

2. Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information

society?

a. Software engineer

b. Coal miner

c. Children’s book author

d. Sharecropper

3. Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents?

a. Industrial

94 CHAPTER 4 | SOCIETY AND SOCIAL INTERACTION

b. Hunter-gatherer

c. Horticultural

d. Feudal

4. Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?

a. Hunter-gatherer

b. Industrial

c. Agricultural

d. Feudal

5. According to Marx, the _____ own the means of production in a society.

a. proletariat

b. vassals

c. bourgeoisie

d. anomie

6. Which of the following best depicts Marx’s concept of alienation from the process of one’s labor?

a. A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was

taught to do it that way.

b. A businessman feels that he deserves a raise, but is nervous to ask his manager for one;

instead, he comforts himself with the idea that hard work is its own reward.

c. An associate professor is afraid that she won’t be given tenure and starts spreading rumors

about one of her associates to make herself look better.

d. A construction worker is laid off and takes a job at a fast food restaurant temporarily,

although he has never had an interest in preparing food before.

7. The Protestant work ethic is based on the concept of predestination, which states that ________.

a. performing good deeds in life is the only way to secure a spot in Heaven

b. salvation is only achievable through obedience to God

c. no person can be saved before he or she accepts Jesus Christ as his or her savior

d. God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned

8. The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?

a. Max Weber

b. Karl Marx

c. Émile Durkheim

d. Friedrich Engels

9. Émile Durkheim’s ideas about society can best be described as ________.

a. functionalist

b. conflict theorist

c. symbolic interactionist

d. rationalist

10. Mary works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbor’s house.

She’s just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to

volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of

the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities?

a. Role strain

b. Self-fulfilling prophecy

c. Status conflict

d. Status strain

11. According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based on ________.

a. habitual actions

b. status

c. institutionalization

d. role performance

12. Paco knows that women find him attractive, and he’s never found it hard to get a date. But as he

ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on.

Paco’s behavior can be best explained by the concept of ___________.

a. role strain

b. the looking-glass self

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c. role performance

d. habitualization

13. Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:

a. how people interact during social situations

b. how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values

c. a person’s internal mental state when in a group setting

d. the difference between introverts and extroverts

14. The Harlows’ study on rhesus monkeys showed that:

a. rhesus monkeys raised by other primate species are poorly socialized

b. monkeys can be adequately socialized by imitating humans

c. food is more important than social comfort

d. social comfort is more important than food

15. What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg’s conventional level?

a. Children develop the ability to have abstract thoughts.

b. Morality is developed by pain and pleasure.

c. Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral.

d. Parental beliefs have no influence on children’s morality.

16. What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked?

a. The justice perspective

b. Sympathetic reactions to moral situations

c. The perspective of females

d. How social environment affects how morality develops

17. What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology?

a. Psychology focuses on the mind, while sociology focuses on society.

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b. Psychologists are interested in mental health, while sociologists are interested in societal

functions.

c. Psychologists look inward to understand behavior while sociologists look outward.

d. All of the above

18. How did nearly complete isolation as a child affect Danielle’s verbal abilities?

a. She could not communicate at all.

b. She never learned words, but she did learn signs.

c. She could not understand much, but she could use gestures.

d. She could understand and use basic language like “yes” and “no.”

19. From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization?

a. Gender

b. Class

c. Blood type

d. Race

20. Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity

and problem solving?

a. Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment.

b. Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules.

c. Wealthy parents never engage in repetitive tasks.

d. Wealthy parents are more concerned with money than with a good education.

21. How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce?

a. With a standardized curriculum

b. Through the hidden curriculum

c. By socializing them in teamwork

d. All of the above

22. Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion?

a. People learn the material culture of their religion.

b. Life stages and roles are connected to religious celebration.

c. An individual’s personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith.

d. Places of worship provide a space for shared group experiences.

23. Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?

a. Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

b. Learning to read and write

c. Following a schedule

d. Knowing locker room etiquette

24. Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?

a. School

b. Family

c. Mass media

d. Workplace

25. Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to

new roles?

a. Infancy

b. School age

c. Adulthood

d. Senior citizen

26. Which of the following is true regarding American socialization of recent high school graduates?

a. They are expected to take a year “off” before college.

b. They are required to serve in the military for one year.

c. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation.

d. They are required to move away from their parents.